Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - a US federal
agency, including 11 centers, agencies and departments, that has the mission to promote health and quality of life by taking measures to prevent and control disease, injury and disability.
Stretch Reflex - a self-protective, non-voluntary nerve reflex that causes muscles to contract. Bouncing or overstretching can activate this reflex, by which muscle tissues are trying to shield themselves from injury or damage.
Weight Management - a system for sustaining body weight at a level that is conducive to good health. Weight management for individuals who have weighed more than their ideal body weight includes a schedule of regular physical activity and keeping track of the amount of food ingested.
Anaerobic - without the need for oxygen.
Perceived Exertion - is based on the perceived intensity of a workout or exercise, in terms of how much the individual is exerting, instead of the actual heart rate.
Layered Eating - a technique in managing weight, in which foods that add bulk to the diet but contain few calories are eaten first, followed by high-calorie, low-volume food items. This is a sensible procedure of satiating the appetite by consuming low-calorie or high-fiber foods and/or liquids before high-calorie foods are consumed.
Reference Daily Intakes (RDI) - food labeling values for protein, vitamins, and minerals, based on nutrient values that best represent the minimum needs of the general population.
Insulin - a hormone produced by the pancreas, which helps move glucose (sugar) from the blood to other cells and tissues. Insulin regulates blood sugar levels.
Metabolism - all of the physical and chemical changes that take place in living organisms to provide nutrition to living cells. It includes the process of converting food and water into nutrients for the body`s use, and the use of those nutrients by those cells (to sustain life, grow, etc.). It is actually the sum of all of the biochemical processes (physical and chemical changes) by which the body converts food into energy and burns the energy to sustain life. Any imbalance in metabolism might lead to excess weight. However, most people carry excess weight because they take in more calories than they use up, not because their metabolic rate is slower than normal.
Protein - a family of complex organic macromolecules (very large molecules made up of smaller subunits) that are the basic component of each and every living cell and are, therefore, indispensable in the dietary intake of animals to help the body grow, maintain and repair tissues and cells. It is a nutrient present in foods. Chemically, protein is a complex compound containing nitrogen and made up of amino acids in peptide linkages. Dietary proteins are involved in the production of tissue protein and several other exclusive metabolic processes. In anabolic processes (metabolic functions of building tissue from simpler molecules), they furnish the amino acids required to build and sustain body cells and tissues. As an energy source, proteins are on an even scale with carbohydrates, yielding 4 calories for each gram. Proteins play a leading role in the construction and maintenance of body tissues and in the production of hormones, enzymes and various body fluids and secretions. Proteins contribute to the movement of some lipids, vitamins, and minerals and assist in maintaining the body`s internal equilibrium.
The body is able to make some amino acids, but other amino acids can only be obtained from food. The amino acids that the body can produce are called `nonessential` or `dispensable` as it is not that essential to obtain these acids from the food ingested (they can be manufactured by the body). The amino acids that can only be obtained from dietary intake are called `essential`. The body is unable to produce them, which explains why it is essential to consume a range of foods that have different proteins. Proteins are present in meat, poultry, eggs, milk, beans, tofu, and nuts. Foods such as grains, fruits and vegetables have very small quantities of proteins.
Shin Splints - an injury of the lower leg characterized by pain along the shinbone (the front of the lower leg between the knee and ankle), typically as the result of excessive pronation or weak shin muscles, and can cause stress fractures. The treatment of shin splints involves application of ice, and strengthening and stretching exercises.
Ultralente Insulin - a type of insulin that is long acting.
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